Introduction: Disorders in the expression of any gene effective in spermatogenic pathway is known as a probable cause of non-obstructive azoospermia and male infertility. The way responsible genes for sperm motility are expressed can considerably affect male fertility. Recent studies show that TSGA10 gene is effective in the natural process of spermatogenesis as protein produced by this gene in mouse results in the production of the main structure of sperm tail. Up to now, no comprehensive studies have been done on the way this gene is expressed in the infertile's testical tissue.Materials & Methods: In this study, TSGA10 mRNA expression in testicular samples of 84 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia was investigated by semi-quantitative nested RT-PCR in Avesina Infertility Clinic during 2005-6. Moreover, expression levels of TSGA10 during spermatogenesis were evaluated using Johnsen's method for histopathologic scoring of the samples. For statistical analysis, SPSS software (Version 11.2) was used. The difference between gene expressions was done based on quantitative variables by the use of t-test and covariance analysis and α<0.05 was regarded as a statistically significant value.Results: Testicular TSGA10 mRNA expression was observed in 31 patients, (36.9%), with non-obstructive azoospermia which it had a statistically significant correlation with spermatogenesis progress (p<000.0). Histopathologically, the gene had been expressed in patients with higher Johnsen's score of spermatogenesis while a lack of expression was seen in all of those with Johnsen's score less than 4.5.Conclusion: The findings indicate that TSGA10 is expressed in human testis and it is restricted to germ cells. It seems that lack of TSGA10 expression may have negative effects on spermatogenesis and on male fertility. On the other hand, determination of the timing of gene expression in a certain level of spermatogenesis may also be used to determine levels of spermatogenesis in azoospermic patients alongside histopathological findings.

The possibility of national identity crises among the people of Iran, boosting ethnic and global identities and as a result the possibility of social and political challenges in the near future, have been the concerns of elite and intellectuals.This article as a case study has compared four types of ethnic, national, ummah and global identities among the citizens of Tehran.The result is that, national identity with 94.2% takes the first place and is compatible with ethnic and ummah identities in a way that the increase in any of then does not cause the decrease in the other. Finally, global identity with 69.36% is at the bottom of the list.

Background: Menopause is associated with numerous physical, psychological and social manifestations. Adapting to it plays an important role in women's quality of life in the rest of their lives. This study was conducted with the aim of explaining women's views on adapting to menopause.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted by content analysis method with in-depth semi-structured interview and sampling method, based on the goal of data saturation, with the participation of 30 women aged 45 to 65 in Mashhad. Data analysis was done using the Grandheim and Lundman method, and the scientific accuracy of the data and the validity of the data were checked based on Guba and Lincoln criteria.Findings: The average age of the participants in the present study was 52 ± 4. After analyzing the data, four main categories; Assessment and understanding of the individual from the menopause period, exposure to menopause warning signs, seeking support and self-care were extracted.Conclusion: Faced with menopause, women seek self-care and support by understanding and evaluating the created conditions in order to be able to adapt to the problems of menopause and the new situation created for them. The findings of this study can be used in health policy formulation. Treatment and care of menopausal women should be useful.

Bacteriophage is the phage which causes the microbial host to infect and coliphage is the bacteriophage which in fects Escherichia coli. The presence of coliphage in surface waters is the indication of fecal contamination (enteric viruses). The objective of this study was evaluation of enteric viruses recovery from farmed fish using Male Specific coliphage (MS2) as an indicator bacteriophage for enteric viruses due to stable connection to surfaces. MS2 coliphage was used to contaminate farmed Salmon fish in three concentrations (103, 105 and 108 pfu/ml) all around Mashhad city. After phage spiked, Coliphage recovery was evaluated using double agar layer technique from three different parts of Salmon fish (gills, skin flesh and interceptive) according to the best procedure (glycine- threonine- polyethylene glycol). The highest coliphage recovery in the lowest spiked concentration (103pfu/ml) was in skin-flesh of Salmon fish while interceptive of Salmon fish had the highest recovery in 105pfu/ml of spiked concentration.

Data hiding is one of the effective solutions for the exchange of confidential messages in un-secure communication channels such as Internet. In this paper, we propose a new and effective steganography method for robust hiding of information in images with JPEG format. The data is hidden in DCT coefficients of JPEG conversion of a bitmap image using a low quantization rate (for instance, 75% quantization rate) and then convert back to bitmap format. The new bitmap image is converted to JPEG format again, but with a higher quantization rate (90%, for instance). This resulted JPEG image, which carries the hidden data, is robust against the known attacks such as compatibility, F5, outguess and POV attacks. The experimental results show that although the available data capacity using the proposed algorithm is reduced and limited compare to the other similar methods, but it has a more effective robustness under the these attacks.

Architecture, planning and development with climate data and climate thermal needs of the building where is possible. This paper aims to identify and evaluate the thermal comfort indices and compliance with environmental elements in the architecture introvert Semnan province (The most striking feature of climatic City Branch in order of importance, especially in eco-urban construction, heat, intensity and duration of sunshine and low humidity are the analysis of these data are based on weather station Semnan province (12 years old) has been done. This research is a descriptive study with field and thermal indices using methods such as Oleg, architectural harmony with the climatic conditions provided for Semnan province (City. The city is preparing for the Branch. Hypothesis was examined and finally recommendations for design residential space, including the location of the physical form of buildings, window position, etc etc are provided

Marriage and famiIJyconstitute one of the foundamental teachings of Islam. The aim of marriage is to bring about peace and quiet among men and women, in the light of which they can improve and refine their morals and train their children wrrectly. It goes without saying that one can attain that aim only through understanding, compatibility, spiritual and intellectual sameness, moral and epistemic harmony among couples. An analysis ofthe concept ot-kafa at (compatibility) and Quranic and narrative criterion in this regard from the viewpoints of the Muslim jurists suggests that the only factor behind a successful marriage and righteous family, apart from wealth, beauty, knowledge etc. is to take into account the criterion of religion in marriage. Most social psychologists, following their empirical investigations put emphasis on compatibility in marriage.